Publication

รายงานการละเมิดสิทธิในที่ดินของกลุ่มเป้าหมาย ภายใต้คำสั่งนายกรัฐมนตรีที่ 66/2523 กรณีกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ม้ง

มาลี สิทธิเกรียงไกร, เล่าฟั้ง บัณฑิตเทอดสกุล, สุมิตรชัย หัตถสาร. (2565). "รายงานการละเมิดสิทธิในที่ดินของกลุ่มเป้าหมาย ภายใต้คำสั่งนายกรัฐมนตรีที่ 66/2523 กรณีกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ม้ง". เครือข่ายชาติพันธุ์ พรรคก้าวไกล, ศูนย์ศึกษาชาติพันธุ์และการพัฒนา คณะสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่, ศูนย์พิทักษ์และฟื้นฟูสิทธิชุมชนท้องถิ่น. วนิดาการพิมพ์. 102 หน้า. 

หนังสือเล่มนี้เป็นผลจากการทำงานร่วมกันระหว่างกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ม้งที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากคำสั่งฯ 66/2523 ศูนย์ศึกษาชาติพันธุ์และการพัฒนา คณะสังคมศาสตร์ มช. ศูนย์พิทักษ์และฟื้นฟูสิทธิชุมชนท้องถิ่น และเครือข่ายชาติพันธุ์ (พรรคก้าวไกล)

ผลการศึกษานี้ สะท้อนถึงปัญหาที่ดินในอีกรูปแบบหนึ่ง "ที่ดินมีความหมายที่สลับซับซ้อน เป็นปัจจัยในการผลิต เป็นทุนในการดำเนินชีวิต และที่ดินยังเป็นประเด็นความขัดแย้งระหว่างประชาชนและรัฐมาอย่างต่อเนื่อง โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งประชาชนบนพื้นที่สูง ความขัดแย้งนี้ยังไม่ได้รับการเอาใจใส่อย่างจริงจัง จึงทำให้ปัญหานี้ยึดเยื้อและมีความซับซ้อนมากขึ้น

กรณีกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ม้งในภาคเหนือของประเทศไทย ซึ่งเป็นที่มาของกรณีศึกษาในหนังสือเล่มนี้ เป็นตัวอย่างหนึ่งที่แสดงถึงสิทธิที่ดินทำกินที่ถูกลิดรอนกลายเป็นปมปัญหาที่ยังไม่มีความพยายามที่จะแก้ไขปัญหาอย่างจริงจัง ส่งผลให้ปัญหานี้เรื้อรังมาร่วม 40 ปี"

Implementation of the COP 26 Declaration to Halt Forest Loss Must Safeguard and Include Indigenous People

Haenssgen, M.J., Lechner, A.M., Rakotonarivo, S. et al. Implementation of the COP26 declaration to halt forest loss must safeguard and include Indigenous people. Nat Ecol Evol, Volume 6, Issue March 2022, 235–236 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01650-6

การศึกษาเพื่อความเป็นไทยกับกลุ่มชนพื้นเมืองในภาคเหนือ

ประสิทธิ์ ลีปรีชา และมุกดาวรรณ ศักดิ์บุญ. (2564). การศึกษาเพื่อความเป็นไทยกับกลุ่มชนพื้นเมืองในภาคเหนือ. วารสารธรรมศาสตร์ ปีที่ 40 ฉบับที่ 2. หน้า 68-97.

บทคัดย่อ

รัฐไทยได้มีนโยบายและการจัดการศึกษาสำหรับชนพื้นเมืองในภาคเหนือของประเทศไทยมาเป็น เวลากว่ากึ่งศตวรรษ จากการทบทวนเอกสารและเก็บข้อมูลภาคสนามในระยะหลายปีที่ผ่านมา ผู้เขียน พบว่าการจัดการศึกษาของรัฐอยู่บนพื้นฐานของวิธีคิดแบบชาตินิยมไทยที่ให้ความสำคัญกับการหลอมรวม ผู้คนที่หลากหลายชาติพันธุ์และวัฒนธรรมให้กลายเป็นไทยตามนโยบายการสร้างชาติ ปฏิบัติการจัดการศึกษาของรัฐในระยะที่ผ่านมาประสบผลสำเร็จอย่างดียิ่ง เยาวชนชนพื้นเมืองที่ผ่านระบบการศึกษาในโรงเรียนได้ซึมซับความเป็นไทย ด้วยการพยายามปรับเปลี่ยนอัตลักษณ์ทางชาติพันธุ์ให้เป็นไทย ส่งผลให้ พวกเขาเริ่มสูญเสียอัตลักษณ์ทางชาติพันธุ์ของตนเอง บทความนี้นำเสนอว่าการจัดการศึกษาของรัฐต่อกลุ่ม ชนพื้นเมืองในภาคเหนือของประเทศไทยเป็นปฏิบัติการของเทคโนโลยีทางอำนาจอย่างหนึ่งในการผสม กลมกลืน “คนอื่น” ในสังคมไทยให้กลายมาเป็น “คนไทย” ตามนโยบายการสร้างชาติ โดยได้รับอิทธิพล จากแนวคิดแบบอาณานิคมภายในจากตะวันตก 

Feral Atlas: The More-Than-Human Anthropocene

Feral Atlas: The More-Than-Human Anthropocene sets the gold standard for 21st-century digital humanities scholarship. Spearheaded by Anna Tsing with Jennifer Deger, Alder Keleman Saxena, and Feifei Zhou, and published by Stanford University Press, this innovative, interactive website-as-multimedia-book gives readers a cornucopia of thought-provoking yet accessible materials. With over 100 contributors, 80 field reports, dozens of artworks, videos, maps, teaching materials, and more, Feral Atlas – exclusively online – presents empirically and conceptually rich offerings from a multidisciplinary knowledge-making community that goes beyond the linear constraints of a traditional book, using hyperlink connectivities to afford readers multiple possible forking paths through the fecund garden of materials that can be read diffractively against and with one another. Focusing on how the entanglement of human with extra-human forms of agency shapes our shared world – entanglements overlooked by most social science and science alike – the aim is to create new knowledges and forms of remediation of the Anthropocene condition. As Asia is a zone in the Global South where the worst effects of the Anthropocene are being felt sooner and more intensely than the Global North and “developed” world of the West, this publication is of enormous relevance to scholars of Asia.

Accessories Make the Elephant: Buddhist Thais Worship Ganesha, Indian-style

Ferguson, J. M., & Ayuttacorn, A. (2021). Accessories Make the Elephant: Buddhist Thais Worship Ganesha, Indian-style. Asian Studies Review. 19 pages. (published online 8 Feb 2021: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10357823.2020.1870212?scroll=top&needAccess=true)

Abstract

Hindu gods have been worshipped alongside the Lord Buddha and traditional spirits by Thai Theravada Buddhists for hundreds of years. During the past two decades there has been a spectacular boom in new forms of worship of Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of success and remover of obstacles. At these ostensibly religious events and festivals, Thai followers wear Indian clothing and consume Indian foods. Processions incorporate Indian music ensembles and dancers for accompaniment, entertainment and ambience. Through analysis of three Ganesha-sponsoring institutions, together with interviews and ethnography among both institution owners and patrons in Chiang Mai, Thailand, this article examines the role of Indian-tagged symbolic accoutrements as part of a religious experience for Thai people today. As this article argues, while Ganesha is central to the cult, and indeed, the main event, these accoutrements serve the dual purpose of creating a visual/visceral experience of cultural tourism of Indian-ness for Thai worshippers and catering to the needs of Ganesha as an Indian god in the eyes of Thais.

Shan Migrant Sex Workers Living with HIV Who Remain Active in Sexual Entertainment Venues in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Jirattikorn, Amporn, Tangmunkongvorakul, Arunrat, Ayuttacorn Arratee, Banwell Cathy, and Kelly Matthew, Lebel Louis, Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai (2021), “Shan Migrant Sex Workers Living with HIV Who Remain Active in Sexual Entertainment Venues in Chiang Mai, Thailand”. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. Published online 6 July 2021. [Online]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34231161/ [accessed 9 August 2021].

Abstract

Migrant female sex workers (MFSW) are at a high and increasing risk of HIV infection and may also be a source of transmission. In Northern Thailand, most MSFW are Shan ethnic nationals from Myanmar. This study aims to understand how the risks of HIV infection and transmission are perceived and acted upon by Shan MFSW living with HIV who remain active in sex work. The paper employs a narrative approach, offering insight into the lives of eight Shan MFSW living with HIV in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Their risk behaviors are examined, from when they first entered sex work through to becoming HIV-positive and adopting antiretroviral treatment, as well as the reasons for continuing sex work. The findings reveal several ways in which stigmatized identities and life conditions influence risk perceptions and behaviors of Shan MFSW. Shan MFSW exemplify biopolitical vulnerability as female migrants, and sex workers in addition to living with HIV and the constraints of poverty, and limited education and skills. Understanding the complexities in their life conditions suggested several ways to improve care for them.

Intimate Relationships and HIV Infection Risks Among Shan Female Sex Workers From Myanmar in Chiang Mai, Thailand: a Qualitative Study

Ayuttacorn Arratee, Tangmunkongvorakul, Arunrat, Jirattikorn, Amporn, Kelly Matthew, Banwell Cathy, Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai (2021), “Intimate Relationships and HIV Infection Risks Among Shan Female Sex Workers From Myanmar in Chiang Mai, Thailand: a Qualitative Study”. AIDS Education and Prevention, 33(6), The Guilford Press. pp. 551- 576. 

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate HIV risks among female sex workers (FSWs) who were from the Shan ethnic group, and how they relate to complex relationships with inconsistent condom use. The study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 17 Shan FSWs (aged 18–45 years old) in Chiang Mai. Intimate relationships between participants and regular clients/steady partners were found to facilitate inconsistent condom use. Participating Shan FSWs sustained intimacy with regular clients not only for economic ends but also for emotional support. Gender norms and male power dominated condom use decision making. Some participants lacked proper HIV preventive knowledge regarding condom breakage and HIV risks. Effective intervention and proper HIV preventive practices should address these intimate contexts. Capacity building among women would assist FSWs to make choices that protect them from HIV/STDs infections. Couples-based HIV interventions addressing emotional intimacy is an urgent need for HIV communication and service delivery in Thailand.

Sexual risk behaviours and HIV knowledge and beliefs of Shan migrants from Myanmar living with HIV in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Jirattikorn, Amporn, Tangmunkongvorakul, Arunrat, Masika Musumari, Patou, Ayuttacorn Arratee, Srithanaviboonchai, Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai, Banwell Cathy, and Kelly Matthew. (2020), “Sexual risk behaviours and HIV knowledge and beliefs of Shan migrants from Myanmar living with HIV in Chiang Mai, Thailand”. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care. Volume 16, No. 4. ISSN: 1747-9894. 14 pages.

Abstract

Purpose

For decades, northern Thailand has been a hub for migration in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, particularly for migrants from Myanmar. HIV prevalence among Myanmar/Burmese migrants is higher than in the general Thai population. This study aims to focus on Shan migrants living with HIV in Chiang Mai, the metropolitan centre of northern Thailand and to examine two related aspects: migrants’ sexual risk behaviour and their HIV knowledge and beliefs. The study aims to understand circumstances in which mobility increases HIV risk behaviour and prevalence.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative study, the authors conducted in-depth interviews in 2017 with 43 HIV-infected Shan migrants (21 males and 22 females), and 29 health-care providers who work in district hospitals in Chiang Mai.

Findings

The authors found that social and economic vulnerability associated with migration, and AIDS-related mortality, increased migrants’ likelihood of having multiple serial partners. Confusion about HIV symptoms, stigmatization of HIV positive women and low risk perceptions, particularly among men, increased their risk behaviours.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to study the way of life, sexual behaviour and HIV knowledge and beliefs of Shan Migrants from Myanmar Living with HIV in Thailand.

Thai Baan Methodology and Transdisciplinarity as Collaborative Research Practices. Common Ground and Divergent Directions

Heis, Alexandra, Vaddhanaphuti, Chayan. (2020). Thai Baan Methodology and Transdisciplinarity as Collaborative Research Practices. Common Ground and Divergent Directions. Advances in Southeast Asia Studies (ASEAS- formerly Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies). 13(2). 211- 228. 

Abstract

Thai Baan research was developed in the late 1990s as a counter-hegemonic, emancipatory means of knowledge production. Originally developed in the context of protests against a hydropower project, it aims at empowering socially and economically marginalized actors to create and represent their own knowledge and to regain authority in social struggles. This decolonial methodology, conceptualized by Thai academics in collaboration with non-academic actors, has remained largely unnoticed by Northern collaborative or transdisciplinary debates. Transdisciplinary research, although engaged in collaborative research designs, often remains silent on issues of power imbalances as constitutive of research processes. Criticizing the compartmentalization and limitation of academic knowledge production, transdisciplinarity realigns the scientific system of knowledge production to deal with ‘real-world problems’. During the last three decades, transdisciplinarity has unfolded into a collaborative and integrative methodology implemented in a number of fields, such as sustainability, public health, and development planning. This article systematically introduces Thai Baan and transdisciplinarity as two approaches to collaborative research practice. It introduces the context of their emergence, sheds light on the respective notions of knowledge and science, and discusses their respective methodological designs. It is argued that both would benefit from a stronger epistemological foundation in decolonizing, liberating philosophies of science to enhance collaborative action, overcome North-South divisions, and foster global dialogues in emancipatory knowledge production.

Heroes of the Plain of Jars: Hmong Monuments and Social Memory in Laos and America

Prasit Leepreecha. (2020). “Heroes of the Plain of Jars: Hmong Monuments and Social Memory in Laos and America” Journal of Mekong Societies 16(3): 44-78.

Abstract

Political conflict in Laos during the Cold War or Vietnam War, from the late 1950s to 1975, involved two opposite political sides, the communist Pathet Lao and the Royal Lao government. As a major ethnic group inhabiting the battle area, leaders of ethnic Hmong in Laos were divided and joined both sides. During the Cold War, Thotou Yaxaichu was a prominent military leader with the Pathet Lao who passed away in 1961, while Vang Pao served the royal government and the United States Central Intelligence Agency. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, Faidang Lobliayao, who fought side by side with the Pathet Lao, became a key person in the new Lao government and died in 1986. Meanwhile, Vang Pao, who was a Hmong military leader under the royal government, fled to America and died in 2011. Recently, monuments of the three leaders were formally erected in Xieng Khouang in Laos and in California in the United States, respectively. The main objective of this article is to understand the social meaning of the establishment of monuments of the three former ethnic Hmong leaders in the two different countries. The author investigates the history of those leaders and relevant contexts. Concerning methodology, information was mainly taken from existing documents, media, and interviews. Based on the result of research, it is my finding that, internally, the building of monuments of former Hmong leaders in both countries has become a modern means of conveying social memory to younger Hmong generations on opposite sides of politics. Externally, the monuments express Hmong ethnic identity and create social space in the context of national ethnicity, in both countries.

Disclosure of HIV Status among Shan Female Migrant Workers Living with HIV

Ayuttacorn, A.,Tangmunkongvorakul, A., Musumari, P. M., Srithanaviboonchai, K., Jirattikorn, A., & Aurpibul, L. (2019). PloS one,14(5), e0216382.pp. 1-17.

Disclosure of HIV status among Shan female migrant workers living with HIV in Northern Thailand: A qualitative study

This study highlighted the complex challenges of HIV status disclosure among HIV-positive Shan female migrant workers and the link between disclosure/non-disclosure and condom use. There is a pressing need to create realistic disclosure mechanisms that take into account the socio-cultural barriers to disclosure including marital conflicts, stigma, and gender norms. Messages to encourage condom use should be delivered carefully so that knowledge of the HIV transmission reduction qualities of good ART adherence does not serve as a barrier to condom use.

Becoming Indigenous Peoples in Thailand

Prasit Leepreecha. (2019) “Becoming Indigenous Peoples in Thailand,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 50(1): 32-50.

Abstract

This article investigates the processes of becoming Indigenous Peoples in Thailand by tracing the transnational relationships and influences of global Indigenous movements on the creation of the Network and the Council of Indigenous Peoples in Thailand (NIPT and CIPT). In addition, it examines the Indigenous Peoples’ movement toward both internal and external recognition. I argue that in Thailand the Indigenous Peoples movement stems from the global movement and exists in relation to international organisations. Within Thailand, the movement represents a deterritorialisation of the ethnoscape, with those now identified as Indigenous Peoples previously being identified as ‘tribal peoples’, ‘ethnic minorities’, or ‘Others’ who threatened national security. Indigenous Peoples are also self-identifying as native and marginalised peoples whose basic rights must be recognised and who advocate for equal treatment as citizens. Yet, the Indigenous Peoples’ movement in Thailand is developing through a process of ongoing negotiations with various internal and external sectors. As a Hmong anthropologist and long-time participant in the Indigenous movement in Thailand, in addition to secondary sources, I draw mainly on personal observations and interviews with key informants.

Trans-national Education System for Students from the Mekong Region Thai Universities

Thaklong, N., Leepreecha, Pl, Wittayapak, C., Mangkang, C. (2019) Trans-national Education System for Students from the Mekong Region Thai Universities. Asian Journal of University Education. 15(1). Pp. 2-19. 

The aim is of this research is to study issues of the trans-national education system of students from the Mekong region who are enrolled at Thai universities. Qualitative research was conducted to collect data from Bachelor's degree students who are studying at Thai universities. The research instruments were in the form of a questionnaire, which consisted of multiple choice and open-ended questions, based on the review of related literature on Trans-nationalism. The results demonstrated that students from the Mekong region who study at Thai universities use different sponsor to their study. Some students were granted a scholarship while others were self-supporting. However, all of them had the same aspiration: to apply the knowledge acquired in Thailand to benefit their country and the people around them after graduation. The problems faced by the students were related to language, culture, and food. Most of the students from Mekong region had to adjust themselves to the culture and the society they were living in. After their graduation, the students from the Mekong region expressed their concerned issues to the educational administrators in the Thai universities. The concerned issues are: international curriculums, student exchange programs and teaching materials should be more up-to-date and beneficial to the students.

Environmental Illness at Klity Creek (Thailand): A Karen Village’s Quest for Justice

Sitthikriengkrai, Malee. Nathan Porath. (2019) “Environmental Illness at Klity Creek (Thailand): A Karen Village’s Quest for Justice” in Behera, Maguni Charan (Ed.). Shifting Perspectives in Tribal Studies: From an Anthropological Approach to Interdisciplinarity and Consilience, Springer, Singapore. pp. 149 - 165. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811380891

Abstract

The paper problematises the context of tribal people’s struggle for environmental justice related to development model in a trajectory of community’s perception; government’s approach to development and attitude to industrial-induced health problems; and intervention of civil society. It describes community awareness and demand for health rights by the Karen people of Klity Creek in Thailand with the support of NGOs. Precisely, the paper reports suffering of the Karen people of Klity Creek from industrial lead pollution during the last two decades of the twentieth century and the protest the people have launched, with the help of NGOs, against the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) demanding that their illness be recognised as related to lead pollution. They also demanded chelation therapy which the MOPH was not willing to provide. With public support, they also took the Lead Company and the Department of Pollution Control to court. This paper discusses the events within the context of NGO support.

A State of Knowledge of the Salween River: An Overview of Civil Society Research

Vanessa Lamb, Carl Middleton, Saw John Bright, Saw Tha Phoe, Naw Aye Aye Myaing, Nang Hom Kham, Sai Aum Khay, Nang Sam Paung Hom, Nan Aye Tin, Nang Shining,

Yu Xiaogang, Chen Xiangxue, Chayan Vaddhanaphuti. (2019). A State of Knowledge of the Salween River: An Overview of Civil Society Research. In book Knowing the Salween River: Resource Politics of a Contested Transboundary River. Pp. 107- 120.

Abstract

This chapter presents an overview of civil society research on Salween, providing an overview of the existing knowledge of the basin and a start to identifying key knowledge gaps in support of more informed, inclusive, and accountable water governance in the basin.

Future Trajectories: Five Short Concluding Reflections

Chayan Vaddhanaphuti, Khin Muang Lwin, Nang Shining, Pianporn Deetes. (2019). Future Trajectories: Five Short Concluding Reflections. In book Knowing the Salween River: Resource Politics of a Contested Transboundary River. Pp. 279- 303.

Abstract

The concluding chapter of this book titled “Future Trajectories” is comprised of reflections by five authors. The authors cover the past and present challenges of and work for the Salween River, and present their commentary on possible futures and future challenges.