Publication

Karen Livelihoods in the Area of the Bhumibol Reservoir Inflow Augmentation Project from Yuam River to Bhumibol Reservoir

Supported by International Rivers under the enhancing inclusive water governance in the Mekong Region Project

https://docs.nhrc.or.th/view_book/ID/14284/

Conceputalising Food Environments as Social Activity Spaces Insights from Lived Experience Research in Thailand and Laos

The study of food environments helps the understanding of food and nutrition insecurity, but its static, quantitative and physical focus requires complementary research through people's “lived experiences.” Through exploratory qualitative and participatory research, we aimed to capture communities' views of food environments, how they navigate these spaces, and what constitutes inequitable exclusion therein. We conducted participatory mapping and focus group discussions with 90 participants across 16 rural and peri-urban communities in northern Thailand and northern Lao PDR between November 2022 and February 2023. The inductive qualitative analysis resulted in four key themes: i) Diverse and dynamic foodscapes require careful study for dietary diversity assessments; ii) The food environment contains strong relational elements and varied experiences across gender and ethnic groups; iii) Food security had important local expressions of food sovereignty and food solidarity; and iv) Food-related behaviour was deeply embedded in a broader livelihood and human insecurity context. We link these themes to the concept of social and physical “activity spaces,” advancing food environment research towards lived experiences, behavioural dynamics, and invisible forms of exclusion. This approach highlights the limitations of standardised dietary diversity measures; and it can enable research and interventions that are sensitive to local realities and the broader human security context. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Gender, affective labor and the family-run business in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic

Chinese Fandom of Thai Boy’s Love Dramas: Shipping the Queer Romance and Fan Service Practices

Reclaiming Youth and Desire: Alternative Civility and Japanese Middle- Aged Women’s Fandom of Thai Boys’ Love Dramas

Community Engagement for Stakeholder and Community Trust in Healthcare: Short-term Evaluation Findings from a Nationwide Initiative in Lao PDR

Abstract

Background

Trust remains a critical concept in healthcare provision, but little is known about the ability of health policy and interventions to stimulate more trusting relationships between communities and the health system. The CONNECT (Community Network Engagement for Essential Healthcare and COVID-19 Responses Through Trust) Initiative in Lao PDR provided an opportunity to assess the community-level impact of a trust-building community engagement approach.

Methods

A mixed-method process evaluation was implemented from 10/2022–12/2023 among 14 diverse case study communities in four provinces across Lao PDR. Data collection involved two rounds of census surveys (3161 observations incl. panel data from 618 individuals) including an 8-item trust scale, 50 semi-structured interviews with villagers, and 50 contextualizing key informant interviews. The two data collection rounds were implemented before and three months after village-based CONNECT activities and helped discern impacts among activity participants, indirectly exposed villagers, and unexposed villagers in a difference-in-difference analysis.

Results

Stakeholders attested strong support for the CONNECT Initiative although community-level retention of trust-related themes from the activities was limited. Quantitative data nevertheless showed that, at endline, the 8-item trust index (from [–8 to +8]) increased by 0.95 points from 4.44 to 5.39 and all trust indicators were universally higher. Difference-in-difference analysis showed that villagers exposed to the CONNECT activities had a 1.02-index-point higher trust index compared to unexposed villagers. Trust impacts improved gradually over time and were relatively more pronounced among men and ethnic minority groups.

Conclusions

The CONNECT Initiative had considerable direct and systemic effects on community members’ trust in their local health centers in the short term, which arose from strong stakeholder mobilization and gradual institutional learning. Relational community engagement approaches have the potential to create important synergies in health policy and broader cross-sectorial strategies, but also require contextual grounding to identify locally relevant dimensions of trust.

Multiplicities and Contingency: Rethinking 'Popular Buddhism', Religious Practices and Ontologies in Thailand

This paper reconsiders explanations of ‘popular’ Buddhism in Thailand initiated in midtwentieth century anthropological definitions of vernacular articulations of religiosity in village settings. Buddhist localism, in its various manifestations, is seen to contrast with a doctrinal or literate ‘great’ monastic tradition. In this persisting ethnographic argument, an actor may draw randomly on various syncretic elements of their religiosity according to circumstances (an historical complexity which is sourced in a mix of Sinhalese-sourced Buddhism, animism including magic, and folk Brahmanism). It is therefore not wholly or consistently one, but substantively divided into several strands. This long-standing position is problematic as the paper shows. There are multiple coextensive Buddhism/s (plural) within the Greater Theravada tradition, which emerge from an identification of the actors themselves with the one, not the many, as one-unitary-Buddhists. I theorise using a general framework of Meillassoux’s discussion on contingency and, by way of contrast, taking Deleuzian ideas on multiplicity. It is grounded on an understanding of popular or organic lived religion sourced in the early counter-enlightenment or radical enlightenment thinking of Giambattista Vico. Here, it is argued that in Thailand villagers would identify cosmologically as the one, not as the many (in a sense as in the assemblages or varieties of religious practices detached from the totality of the cosmological unitary one). Understanding

the creative processes behind cosmological multiplicities is a starting point, with the notion that within specific cultural forms we are faced with a multiplicity of definitions and things to observe, as in an understanding of the varieties of lived Buddhism. The essay is based on an ethnographic assessment from over three decades of field research among ethnic Thai Buddhists at various modalities and settings, and in framing these vernacular religious practices and their ontologies. My gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The essay does not deal directly with specific ethnographic case studies; instead, it is intended as retheorising representations of ‘Popular Buddhism’ in Thailand as based on early scholarship since the 1960s (where Buddhism is constituted as three or more distinctive but intertwined religious strands).

Trust in healthcare: methodological and conceptual insights from mixed-method research in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Background

Global health foregrounds trust as a key requirement for the achievement of international health initiatives, but it remains an elusive concept that is often mobilised without consideration of its dimensions, drivers and downstream behavioural consequences. This paper aims to contribute to the conceptual development and measurement of ‘patient trust in primary healthcare’ from the lower middle-income country perspective of rural Lao PDR.

Methods

A two-phase mixed-method research design was implemented between January 2021 and April 2023. Phase 1 involved exploratory qualitative research to understand the local expressions and dimensions of patient trust in primary healthcare, with 25 semistructured interviews and 17 focus group discussions (120 participants) in eight villages in Bokeo Province. Phase 2 involved explanatory research to assess patterns of trust systematically at scale in 14 villages across four provinces, wherein 26 cognitive interviews, 17 expert interviews and non-participant community observations informed a community census survey with 1838 participants. We analysed qualitative data through content-oriented thematic analysis and developed an 8-item trust scale on that basis. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical and regression analysis.

Results

We found that trust in primary healthcare is readily understood and intrinsically valuable in rural Lao PDR. Key dimensions included communication, respectful care, relationship, fairness, integrity, reputation, assurance of treatment and competence. The survey highlighted that reputation, competence, integrity and respectful care had the lowest trust scores. Health centre operations predicted the local expressions of trust. The behavioural consequences of trust were limited to a positive statistical association with antenatal care uptake among pregnant women but outweighed by alternative measures that also captured the availability of healthcare facilities. Conclusions Overall, the development of our quantitative trust scale offers a process model for future researchers. We conclude that interpersonal, institutional and service-related trust require more explicit recognition in health system development and integration into health policy.

การสร้างความทรงจำผ่านอาหาร: การศึกษาความทรงจำ, พื้นที่และผัสสะ

บทคัดย่่อ

บทความนี้้นำเสนอแนวทางการศึกษาที่่ใช้อาหารเป็นวัตถุุทางวัฒนธรรมในการสร้้างความทรงจำทั้้งปัจเจกบุุคคลและความทรงจำร่วมในสังคม จุุดประสงค์หลักคือ การทบทวนแนวคิด ทฤษฎี และกรณีศึกษาเพื่่อนำไปใช้ทำความเข้้าใจกระบวนการสร้้างความทรงจำที่่สามารถปรับเปลี่่ยนหรืือถููกกระตุ้นด้วยอาหาร บทความนี้้นำความทรงจำมาเป็นจุุดเริ่มต้นของการประกอบสร้างความหมายของอาหารโดยเฉพาะมุมมองที่่นำอาหารมาเป็นศููนย์กลางในการศึกษาเพื่่ออธิบายโครงสร้างทางสังคมและวัฒนธรรม ซึ่่งเป็นการอธิบายความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างอาหาร และความทรงจำที่่

สัมพันธ์์กับแนวคิดมานุุษยวิทยาอาหารซึ่่งนำเสนอพัฒนาการการศึกษาอาหารจากช่วงเวลาต่าง ๆ จากนั้นทบทวนกระบวนการสร้างความทรงจำผ่านการรับรู้อาหารผ่านผัสสะ ได้แก่ รสชาติและกลิ่นซึ่งเป็นแง่มุมสำคัญในการศึกษาอาหาร หัวข้อสุุดท้ายพยายามเชื่อมโยงกับความสำคัญของ

พื้้นที่่ที่่ก่อให้เกิดความทรงจำที่่เชื่่อมกับอาหาร ความทรงจำและพื้นที่่เฉพาะ ดัังนั้้นบทความนี้้นำเสนอที่่มาที่่ไปของการสร้างความทรงจำผ่านอาหารและนำเสนอวิธีการศึกษาอีกวิธีหนึ่งในการทำความเข้าใจและสำรวจพื้นที่่การศึกษาอาหารใหม่ๆ ที่่ยังไม่ได้รับความสนใจเท่่าที่่ควร

Biopolitics in Rebel- Controlled Myanmar: Exploring Why the United League of Arakan Supports the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone

In this article, we explore why the Myanmar-based insurgency organisation known as the United League of Arakan (ULA) supports the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (KSEZ): a controversial Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project. We argue that the

ULA’s support for the KSEZ is rooted in a biopolitics that benefits the ULA by attractively showcasing its insurgent aims and by effectively boosting its local authority. The ULA’s pro-KSEZ policy partially explains why the KSEZ, unlike other BRI projects in

junta-led Myanmar, has enjoyed moderate success. Despite its biopolitical benefits, the ULA’s pro-KSEZ policy has marginalised certain anti-KSEZ actors in the rebel organisation’s sphere of control. The resulting fragmentation may both destabilise the ULA’s hard-fought social order and undermine the prospects of the KSEZ. Our examination of the ULA–KSEZ relationship empirically contributes to BRI-in-Myanmar research, which has heretofore paid little attention to rebel-controlled societies’ significant influence on foreign-led domestic development projects.

「タイになる」：タイにおける中華料理の 文化政治学 [“Becoming Thai”: The Cultural Politics of Chinese Food in Thailand.] In Kawaguchi Yukihiro (Ed), 世界の中華料理

Putthida Kijdumnern (2024).「タイになる」：タイにおける中華料理の文化政治学 [“Becoming Thai”: The Cultural Politics of Chinese Food in Thailand.] In Kawaguchi Yukihiro (Ed), 世界の中華料理 [World Chinese Dishes] (pp. 83-96). Kyoto: Showado Press.

ทบทวนอคติทางชาติพันธุ์ในปริมณฑลรัฐไทย

มุกดาวรรณ ศักดิ์บุญ. 2565. "ทบทวนอคติทางชาติพันธุ์ในปริมณฑลรัฐไทย" ในหนังสือ "ส่องอคติทางชาติพันธุ์." กรุงเทพฯ: ศูนย์มานุษยวิทยาสิรินธร. หน้า 104-125. 

หนังสือ ส่องอคติทางชาติพันธ์ุ 1 นี้ ได้รวบรวมบทความของนักวิชาการหลายท่านที่เสนอวิธีคิด การตรวจสอบ และแนวทางการวิเคราะห์ปัญหาอคติทางวัฒนธรรมในมิติต่าง ๆ อย่างกว้างขวาง ทั้งอคติที่สัมพันธ์กับความเป็นชาติ ศาสนา เชื้อชาติ ชาติพันธุ์ แรงงานข้ามชาติ อคติต่อคนไร้ที่อยู่อาศัย คนต่างรุ่นต่างวัย คนหลากหลายทางเพศ การกลั่นแกล้งกันในโรงเรียน อคติในยุทธศาสตร์และนโยบายของรัฐ การลำเอียงของสื่อมวลชน และการนำเสนอชีวิตของคนอีสานและเพศทางเลือกในภาพยนตร์ไทย คนเหล่านี้ล้วนเผชิญกับการดูหมิ่นเหยียดหยามด้วยคำพูด การล้อเลียนเสียดสีด้วยกิริยาท่าทาง การตีตราว่าร้าย และการประณามทางสังคม ที่เป็นการลดคุณค่าและศักดิ์ศรีของควมเป็นมนุษย์..."

Chinese Investor Networks and the Politics of Infrastructure Projects in the Eastern Economic Corridor in Thailand

This research examines Chinese investment and the impact of infrastructure projects on the Eastern Economic Corridor project (EEC), a special economic zone linking Thailand with Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and China, which aligns with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Drawing on Actor Network Theory (ANT), this study analyzes emerging Chinese investor networks and the resulting negotiations between various actors such as the Thai state, Chinese and Thai investors, and local farmers. Many Chinese investors have moved their production bases to avoid the tax barriers raised by the United States or Europe, as well as to expand their markets in Southeast Asia. The Thai state offers tax benefits to foreign investors, allowing them to import raw materials and machinery from China, making their production costs lower than those of Thai investors. The findings reveal that the neoliberal state facilitates foreign investors through deregulation: enacting city planning laws that permit the establishment of industrial estates in agricultural zones, thus dispossessing farmers of their land. These factories can release toxic waste, thus impacting the local environment and livelihoods of nearby farmers. Thai business-people are often unable to compete with Chinese investors to match their bids. In order to maintain their positions in these economic networks, they build affective relations with Chinese investors. In addition, these affective relations attract resistance and indignation from locals dispossessed of land and resources.



Heterosexual Reading vs. Queering Thai Boys' Love Dramas among Chinese and Filipino Audiences

Over the past decade, Thai boys' love (BL) series,[1] which typically portray two young men as the focus of a love interest, have been a phenomenon throughout Asia. Originating from Japanese yaoi manga translated into Thai in the 1990s, the Thai BL genre has expanded from manga to novels, fan fictions, films and live action TV series. This paper focuses on Thai BL series whose stories depict homoromantic or homoerotic relationships between young male couples, which have become popular throughout Asia.Since its inception in 2014, enthusiastic fans in many different linguistic communities have worked to provide subtitles to BL content and helped to popularise Thai BL series. Thai BL actors have gained a large following among mostly heterosexual women, not only in Thailand but also in China, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan and even Latin America.

The impact of conservation and land use transitions on the livelihoods of indigenous peoples: A narrative review of the northern Thai highlands

Ecosystem conservation has moved to the centre of global development agendas in light of an unprecedented acceleration of environmental degradation, species extinction, and catastrophic weather events. Global and national conservation policies with seemingly laudable aspirations, however, have been widely instrumentalised and distorted – leading researchers to argue that the very tools to safeguard natural spaces feed consistently into a market-oriented agricultural production and modernisation agenda. Indigenous peoples who continue to inhabit protected spaces as their ancestral lands have systematically suffered in this process. We conducted a place-based narrative literature review to formulate a consistent agenda for the next generation of conservation research and policy to help overcome this persistent challenge, drawing on the extensive and interdisciplinary research literature of the northern Thai highlands published until 2021.

The place-based narrative review traced gradual contextual change, inconsistent policy directions, and perverse incentives that have created a systemic challenge to ecosystem conservation. Key research gaps are the under-appreciated symbolic and affective dimensions of evolving tropical landscapes at the interface of Indigeneity, conservation, and development. Our proposed research agenda involves the synergistic combination of tools of human security, everyday environmental heritage, activity spaces, and behavioural design to understand these experiential dimensions of conservation from the perspective of Indigenous peoples, their active role as security contributors, pathways to impact, and new models of policy making. Suggested policy responses revolve around comprehensive domains of action (instead of isolated interventions) to overcome the systemic and contextual challenges affecting Indigenous livelihoods.

Review of the Research on the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is among the largest transnational development initiatives globally. In this article, we review the research on the BRI in Myanmar, a developing country that is of considerable geopolitical importance. To date, the BRI literature has made three central contributions: it has captured much of the complexity of BRI projects, filled a notable research gap in BRI studies, and raised awareness of local voices. In addition, two analytically meaningful topics are worth exploring, namely the contested relations (1) between China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and prospective Chinese BRI investors and (2) between the Myanmar government and local anti-BRI groups. Responding to the current focus of the literature and to advance future research, we recommend that scholars consider the analytical framework of state transformation to disaggregate statehood, account for diverse actors, and explain their contested relations. Because it challenges state-centric frameworks (e.g., realism and Westphalian national sovereignty), the state-transformation model can yield theoretically and empirically stimulating findings.

Online publication: https://brill.com/view/journals/ejea/22/3/article-p229_2.xml

date: 14 Dec 2023